The development of solid-state batteries (SSBs) has gained significant attention due to their potential for enhanced safety and energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). SSB performance is greatly affected by the stability of interfaces throughout the battery cell, which vary depending on the materials chosen for the cathode, electrolyte/separator, and anode. Lithium metal anodes can achieve excellent performance but are expensive and highly reactive, leading to unwanted reactions at the solid electrolyte (SE)/electrode interface that can impact long-term performance. It is therefore critical to design electrolytes with high ionic conductivity/Li+ transport, a wide electrochemical operating window, and stable interfaces.
Composite solid electrolytes (SEs) comprised of polymer matrices, inorganic fillers, and Li salts offer better performance compared to single-solid-state electrolytes, but incomplete understanding of external/internal interface stability has hindered their practical use in SSBs. In these materials, Li+ transport is governed by organic/inorganic interfaces within the SE and at the interface formed between the SE and neighboring electrode, which also governs long-term performance.
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