Vacuum Deposition
These techniques are used to deposit thin layers of material on a solid surface. All processes are operated at pressures well below the atmospheric pressure. Vacuum deposition includes small scale R&D to pilot scale production systems for thin film deposition of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). There are multiple techniques like e-beam, magnetron sputtering, and low- & high temperature thermal evaporation.